A Novel Simian Adenovirus Associating with Human Adenovirus Species G Isolated from Long-Tailed Macaque Feces
Nathamon Kosoltanapiwat,
Lia van der Hoek,
Cormac M. Kinsella,
Jarinee Tongshoob,
Luxsana Prasittichai,
Michelle Klein,
Maarten F. Jebbink,
Martin Deijs,
Onrapak Reamtong,
Kobporn Boonnak,
Wathusiri Khongsiri,
Juthamas Phadungsombat,
Daraka Tongthainan,
Phitsanu Tulayakul,
Marnoch Yindee
Affiliations
Nathamon Kosoltanapiwat
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Lia van der Hoek
Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Cormac M. Kinsella
Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Jarinee Tongshoob
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Luxsana Prasittichai
Wildlife Conservation Division, Protected Areas Regional Office 3 (Ban Pong), Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Ratchaburi 70110, Thailand
Michelle Klein
Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Maarten F. Jebbink
Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Martin Deijs
Amsterdam UMC, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Onrapak Reamtong
Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Kobporn Boonnak
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
Wathusiri Khongsiri
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Juthamas Phadungsombat
Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
Daraka Tongthainan
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Chonburi 20110, Thailand
Phitsanu Tulayakul
Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
Metagenomics has demonstrated its capability in outbreak investigations and pathogen surveillance and discovery. With high-throughput and effective bioinformatics, many disease-causing agents, as well as novel viruses of humans and animals, have been identified using metagenomic analysis. In this study, a VIDISCA metagenomics workflow was used to identify potential unknown viruses in 33 fecal samples from asymptomatic long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Ratchaburi Province, Thailand. Putatively novel astroviruses, enteroviruses, and adenoviruses were detected and confirmed by PCR analysis of long-tailed macaque fecal samples collected from areas in four provinces, Ratchaburi, Kanchanaburi, Lopburi, and Prachuap Khiri Khan, where humans and monkeys live in proximity (total n = 187). Astroviruses, enteroviruses, and adenoviruses were present in 3.2%, 7.5%, and 4.8% of macaque fecal samples, respectively. One adenovirus, named AdV-RBR-6-3, was successfully isolated in human cell culture. Whole-genome analysis suggested that it is a new member of the species Human adenovirus G, closely related to Rhesus adenovirus 53, with evidence of genetic recombination and variation in the hexon, fiber, and CR1 genes. Sero-surveillance showed neutralizing antibodies against AdV-RBR-6-3 in 2.9% and 11.2% of monkeys and humans, respectively, suggesting cross-species infection of monkeys and humans. Overall, we reported the use of metagenomics to screen for possible new viruses, as well as the isolation and molecular and serological characterization of the new adenovirus with cross-species transmission potential. The findings emphasize that zoonotic surveillance is important and should be continued, especially in areas where humans and animals interact, to predict and prevent the threat of emerging zoonotic pathogens.
