A Study on the Adsorption of Rhodamine B onto Adsorbents Prepared from Low-Carbon Fossils: Kinetic, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Analyses
Aleksandra Bazan-Wozniak,
Aleksandra Jędrzejczak,
Robert Wolski,
Sławomir Kaczmarek,
Agnieszka Nosal-Wiercińska,
Judyta Cielecka-Piontek,
Sultan Yagmur-Kabas,
Robert Pietrzak
Affiliations
Aleksandra Bazan-Wozniak
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
Aleksandra Jędrzejczak
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
Robert Wolski
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
Sławomir Kaczmarek
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
Agnieszka Nosal-Wiercińska
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Maria Curie-Skłodowska Sq, 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
Sultan Yagmur-Kabas
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology Programs, Lapseki Vocational School, Çanak-kale Onsekiz Mart University, 17800 Çanakkale, Türkiye
Robert Pietrzak
Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
The aim of this study was to obtain a series of activated carbon samples by the chemical activation of low-rank coal. The precursor was impregnated with a NaOH solution. Activated carbons were characterized by determining their textural parameters and content of surface oxygen functional groups and by using an elemental analysis. The carbons were tested as potential adsorbents for the removal of liquid pollutants represented by rhodamine B. The effectiveness of rhodamine B removal from water solutions depended on the initial concentration of the dye, the mass of rhodamine B, and the pH and temperature of the reaction. The isotherm examination followed the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of the rhodamine B was 119 mg/g. The kinetic investigation favored the pseudo-second-order model, indicating a chemisorption mechanism. The thermodynamic assessment indicated spontaneous and endothermic adsorption, with decreased randomness at the solid–liquid interface. The experiment revealed that a 0.1 M HCl solution was the most effective regenerative agent.
