GALLSTONE DISEASE: EPIDEMIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS, CLINICAL FEATURES, PREVENTION

Abstract

Gallstone disease (GSD) affects about 10% of the population, while in recent years it has gained a steady growth trend. In the structure of risk factors of gall stone formation are age and gender characteristics. In women, this is a multiple pregnancy and birth — relative risk (RR) is 4,62, body mass index more than 26 — RR 4,57, failure to observe principles of a balanced diet — RR 3,94. In men, the importance of physical inactivity — RR 4,25, an increase of atherogenic coefficient — RR 3,87 and burdened by GSD genetics — RR 2,05. Clinical manifestations of gallstone disease among people of young age are attacks of biliary colic, often wearing a protracted with jaundice. For people of elderly and senile age is characterized by a latent period of GSD, manifested by dull pain. Such a flow acquires a GSD in the stone stage, culminating, as a rule, a cholecystectomy. Successful prevention is only possible in the early (documeny) stage GSD. In the diagnosis of early stages of gallstone disease by ultrasound (detection of biliary sludge) and study the physicochemical properties of the cystic and hepatic bile. In the review contemporary data on the possibility of conservative treatment and prevention of gallstone disease.

Keywords

• gallstone disease
• prevalence
• risk factors
• prevention