Relation Between Smoking and Bone Mineral Density

Abstract

Studies examining the relation between the nicotine intake through cigarette smoking and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) are limited and contradictory. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between nicotine intake through smoking and BMD. Relation between BMD of L2-L4 vertebrae and total femur was measured with dual-photon X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and data of nicotine intake of the 708 female and 307 male, total 1015 individuals who performed the “identification form concerning the risk factors for hip fractures, such as dietary factors and physical activity, between cases and population controls, in several countries” from the World Health Organization (WHO) was investigated. It was concluded that with this study group, nicotine intake did not alter the BMD values measured at the region of L2-L4 vertebrae in both genders. In men, however, nicotine intake altered the total femur BMD values significantly. Nicotine intake is significantly higher in osteoporotic males when total proximal BMD values are considered.

Keywords

• Bone mineral density
• cigarette
• smoking
• nicotine