Наукові праці Лісівничої академії наук України (Mar 2019)
Taxus baccata L. in the Ukrainian Carpathians: distribution, participation in the forest stands and productivity
Abstract
The historical course of scientific studies related to Taxus baccata L. in the Ukrainian Carpathians was analyzed. The present typological, high-altitude and ex-position structure of distribution of plantations with the participation of Taxus bacca-ta in the Ukrainian Carpathians was established. The area of the stand distribution with the participation of this species in the study region was specified. It is established that the total area of the forest stands with the participation of Taxus baccata in the Ukrainian Carpathians is 285,0 ha. It was determined that this species is common in the natural forest types under forest conditions - in wet broadleaves forest (194,6 ha / 68.28%) and wet conifer-broadleaves (87,7 ha / 30.77%). The species grows mainly within the shelter forest (158.5 hectares / 56.23%) and middle-aged plantations (103.6 ha / 36.75%) and timed to middle density (188.6 ha / 66.18%) and high-density (91.7 ha / 32.18%) of forest stands. The species, mainly, grow in mixed and broadleaved forests (170,1 га / 59.68%) under the shelter of high-density forest stands of I-II classes (230,6 га / 80.91%). It is found out that natural forests of Taxus baccata are mainly distributed in Transcarpathia in the range from 700-800 m. rm (112.8 ha / 39.58%) and 900-1000 m (38 ha / 13.33%) asl and in the Carpathian region up to 300 m. (64.9 ha / 22.77%). The ecological, forestry and economic value of this species are analyzed. The reasons for its disappearance in the research area are detailed. Restrictive factors of Taxus baccata distribution in the area of the Ukrainian Carpathians are established. The reasons for the significant reduction of the Taxus baccata in the Carpathians and intensive harvesting in the past of its trees was the ex-tremely high economic value of wood, unsatisfactory restoration, slow growth, low competitiveness, unsatisfactory seed placement under the complete forest canopy and its poisoning.
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