Role of Metabolomics in Pathogenesis and Prompt Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer Metastasis—A Systematic Review
Ștefan Ursu,
Andra Ciocan,
Cristina-Paula Ursu,
Claudia Diana Gherman,
Răzvan Alexandru Ciocan,
Rodica Sorina Pop,
Zeno Spârchez,
Florin Zaharie,
Nadim Al Hajjar
Affiliations
Ștefan Ursu
Department of Surgery, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Croitorilor Street, No. 19–21, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Andra Ciocan
Department of Surgery, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Croitorilor Street, No. 19–21, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Cristina-Paula Ursu
Department of Surgery, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Croitorilor Street, No. 19–21, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Claudia Diana Gherman
Department of Surgery-Practical Abilities, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Răzvan Alexandru Ciocan
Department of Surgery-Practical Abilities, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Marinescu Street, No. 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Rodica Sorina Pop
Department of Community Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Avram Iancu Street, No. 31, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Zeno Spârchez
Department of Internal Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Croitorilor Street, No. 19–21, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Florin Zaharie
Department of Surgery, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Croitorilor Street, No. 19–21, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Nadim Al Hajjar
Department of Surgery, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Croitorilor Street, No. 19–21, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Introduction: Gastric cancer is the fourth most frequently diagnosed form of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The aim of this review is to identify individual metabolic biomarkers and their association with accurate diagnostic values, which can predict gastric cancer metastasis. Materials and Methods: After searching the keywords, 83 articles were found over a period of 13 years. One was eliminated because it was not written in English, and two were published outside the selected period. Seven scientific papers were qualified for this investigation after eliminating duplicates, non-related articles, systematic reviews, and restricted access studies. Results: New metabolic biomarkers with predictive value for gastric cancer metastasis and for elucidating metabolic pathways of the metastatic process have been found. The pathogenic processes can be outlined as follows: pro-oxidant capacity, T-cell inactivation, cell cycle arrest, energy production and mitochondrial enzyme impairment, cell viability and pro-apoptotic effect, enhanced degradation of collagen extracellular matrix, migration, invasion, structural protein synthesis, and tumoral angiogenesis. Conclusion: Metabolic biomarkers have been recognized as independent risk factors in the molecular process of gastric cancer metastasis, with good diagnostic and prognostic value.
