Pharmaceuticals (Oct 2024)

Evaluating the Impact of Novel Incretin Therapies on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes: An Early Systematic Review

  • Teodor Salmen,
  • Claudia-Gabriela Potcovaru,
  • Ioana-Cristina Bica,
  • Rosaria Vincenza Giglio,
  • Angelo Maria Patti,
  • Roxana-Adriana Stoica,
  • Marcello Ciaccio,
  • Mohamed El-Tanani,
  • Andrej Janež,
  • Manfredi Rizzo,
  • Florentina Gherghiceanu,
  • Anca Pantea Stoian

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17101322
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 17, no. 10
p. 1322

Abstract

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Background This systematic review is registered with CRD42024507397 protocol number and aims to compare the known data about retatrutide on long-term cardiovascular (CV) protection with tirzepatide, an incretin with recent proven CV benefits. Material and Methods The inclusion criteria were (i) original full-text articles that are randomized control or clinical trials; (ii) published within the last ten years; (iii) published in English; and (iv) conducted on adult human populations. The exclusion criteria were articles deruled on cell cultures or mammals. Studies were selected if they (1) included patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and CV risk; (2) patients that received either tirzepatide or retatrutide; and (3) provided sufficient information such as the corresponding 95% confidence intervals or at least a sufficient p-value. Studies were excluded if they were a letter to the editor, expert opinions, case reports, meeting abstracts, or reviews; redundant publications; or needed more precise or complete data. Results The seven included studies were assessed for bias with the Newcastle Ottawa scale, heterogenous, and emphasized the potential CV beneficial effect of type 2 DM (T2DM) therapies (glycemia, glycated A1c hemoglobin, body weight, lipid profile, blood pressure and renal parameter). Discussions Further, longer follow-up studies are necessary to verify the long-term CV protection, standardize the specific aspects of CV risk, and compare with subjects without T2DM for a more integrative interpretation of the CV effects independent of the improvement of metabolic activity.

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