Metabolomic and microbial insights: Kai-Xin-San’s impact on Alzheimer’s disease pathology
Huifen Ma,
Zhiyang Yu,
Qiong Qiao,
Wenpan Wang,
Zhonghua Li,
Pan Wang,
Junying Song,
Xiaowei Zhang,
Yunfang Su,
Yiran Sun,
Zhishen Xie,
Zhenqiang Zhang
Affiliations
Huifen Ma
Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases by Chinese and Western Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
Zhiyang Yu
Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
Qiong Qiao
Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
Wenpan Wang
Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
Zhonghua Li
Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
Pan Wang
Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
Junying Song
Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases by Chinese and Western Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
Xiaowei Zhang
Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases by Chinese and Western Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
Yunfang Su
Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases by Chinese and Western Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
Yiran Sun
School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China; Corresponding author
Zhishen Xie
Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Corresponding author
Zhenqiang Zhang
Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and Treatment of Major Diseases by Chinese and Western Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Corresponding author
Summary: There has been increasing interest in the connection between AD, gut microbiota, and metabolites. Kai-Xin-San (KXS) has been commonly employed in ancient and modern Chinese clinical trials for the treatment of dementia; however, whether the protective effect of KXS in AD is related to the gut microbiota remains elusive. APP/PS1 mice were used as the model of AD. 43 key metabolites influenced by KXS were screened using untargeted metabolomics. At the genus level, Clostridium_IV, Eubacterium, Acetatifactor, etc., were identified to be impacted by KXS using 16S rRNA sequencing. Additionally, we identified 9 distinct intestinal floras at the genus level that were correlated with 13 pivotal differential metabolites related to cognitive impairment. KXS also inhibited the neuroinflammation, mostly via regulating the key metabolites. A potential relationship between gut microbiota, metabolites, and neuroinflammation is suggested as a protective mechanism of KXS in AD. These findings provide support for further development of KXS.
