Changes in Hematological and Hemorheological Parameters Following Mild COVID-19: A 4-Month Follow-Up Study

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was described to affect red blood cells (RBC) in both severe and mild disease courses. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hematological and hemorheological changes that were previously described for COVID-19 patients after the acute infection state are still prominent after another 4 months to assess potential long-term effects. Methods: Hematological and RBC rheological parameters, including deformability and aggregation, were measured 41 days after infection in COVID-19 patients and non-COVID control (T0) and 4 months later in COVID-19 patients (T1). Results: The data confirm alterations in hematological parameters, mainly related to cell volume and hemoglobin concentration, but also reduced deformability and increased aggregation at T0 compared to control. While RBC deformability seems to have recovered, hemoglobin-related parameters and RBC aggregation were still impaired at T1. The changes were thus more pronounced in male COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: COVID-19-related changes of the RBC partly consist of several months and might be related to persistent symptoms reported by many COVID-19 patients.

Keywords

• red blood cells
• COVID-19
• red blood cell deformability
• red blood cell aggregation
• hemoglobin