Results of studying the effects of biological products on accelerating the decomposition of the crop tailings

Abstract

The article presents investigations aimed at addressing issues of utilization of the tailings of the crop as a fertilizer. It is known that the by-products of crop production left on the field interfere with the subsequent agricultural operations, and when used as a fertilizer it has a long decomposition period, which is accompanied by putrefactive processes with the release of phenolic compounds which inhibit subsequent plants. To accelerate the process of humification of plant residues, nitrogen-containing fertilizers are used, but recently biological preparations have become widespread, allowing the grain to be completely decomposed in 3–4 months. The authors propose a design of the machine that allows combining the operations of grinding the tailings of the crop with the introduction of bio preparations to speed up the decomposition process. The article presents the results of this machine field tests using various bio preparations: Agrinos 1, Sterniphag SP, humic preparation Ecorost and Biocomplex BTU. According to the linen method, the effect of the preparations on the activity of cellulose-decomposing bacteria was assessed. The dynamics of the activity of biological preparations was not linear and was largely dependent on weather conditions. The hotter temperature and the absence of abundant precipitation in August – September 2018 did not contribute to the active work of the soil biota and in the first report period the best decomposition of linen was in the variant with Biocomplex BTU and Sterniphag, respectively 3.6 and 3.3 %. On the 236th day of the experiment, the picture changed and the variants with Agrinos 1 and Ecorost showed the best performance, the decomposition was 21.2 and 21.9 %, respectively.