International Journal of Nanomedicine (Jul 2023)
The Effect of Biomimetic Remineralization of Calcium Phosphate Ion Clusters-Treated Enamel Surfaces on Bracket Shear Bond Strength
Abstract
Youna Paik,1 Min Joo Kim,1 Hyeryeong Kim,1 Sun-Woo Kang,2 Youn-Kyung Choi,3,* Yong-Il Kim1,4,* 1Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea; 2Department of Prosthodontics, Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, South Korea; 3Department of Orthodontics, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea; 4Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Youn-Kyung Choi; Yong-Il Kim, Tel +82-51-240-7430 ; +82-55-360-5163, Fax +82-51-240-7706 ; +82-55-360-5154, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: To evaluate the remineralization effect of calcium phosphate ion clusters (CPICs) on demineralized enamel surfaces and their effects on bracket shear bond strength.Patients and Methods: Extracted premolars were prepared in resin blocks. The samples in the form of resin blocks were divided into five experimental groups: control group, demineralized group, and groups of CPIC solution treatment for 30, 60, and 90s. The specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), microhardness testing, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) assessment, shear bond strength (SBS) test, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) score.Results: The SEM images revealed epitaxial growth of enamel and a decrease in the thickness of the demineralized enamel layer when treated with CPIC solution. The EDX analysis revealed an increase in the Ca/P ratio in the CPIC-treated groups. The microhardness value significantly increased when treated with CPICs; however, it showed a lower value than that of the sound enamel groups. As a result of the micro-CT test, radiolucency decreased gradually as the CPIC treatment time increased. The SBS test and ARI score results showed an improvement in bonding stability after treatment with CPICs.Conclusion: We demonstrated an enamel biomodification approach using CPIC solution treatment, which is a promising strategy for enamel remineralization. Specifically, remineralization of demineralized enamel improves the orthodontic bracket SBS.Keywords: calcium phosphate ion cluster, enamel remineralization, shear bond strength
