Optimization of the antioxidant-rich xanthone extract from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp via microwave-assisted extraction
Nor Azizah Mohammad,
Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel,
Ida Idayu Muhamad,
Mariani Abdul Hamid,
Harisun Yaakob,
Yanti Maslina Mohd Jusoh
Affiliations
Nor Azizah Mohammad
Food and Biomaterial Engineering Research Group, School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel
Food and Biomaterial Engineering Research Group, School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development, School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Corresponding author.
Ida Idayu Muhamad
Food and Biomaterial Engineering Research Group, School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Institute of Human Centred Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Mariani Abdul Hamid
Institute of Bioproduct Development, School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Harisun Yaakob
Institute of Bioproduct Development, School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Yanti Maslina Mohd Jusoh
Food and Biomaterial Engineering Research Group, School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant properties of xanthone extract from mangosteen pericarp via microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The MAE extraction conditions to obtain optimum antioxidant-rich xanthone extract were at 2.24 min of irradiation time, 25 mL/g of solvent-to-solid ratio and 71% of ethanol concentration. The predicted results for four responses were as follows; 320.31 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract, 83.63% and 93.77% inhibition (DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-Azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays), and 144.56 mg Trolox equivalent/g extract (FRAP, Ferric reducing antioxidant power). The predicted and actual values were statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Therefore, these results confirmed that the examined model was acceptable and relevant. MAE led to a slightly similar antioxidant capacity and a higher extraction of α-mangostin, a major xanthone of mangosteen pericarp as compared to water bath-maceration technique.
