Prevalence and Absolute Quantification of NDM-1: a β-Lactam Resistance Gene in Water Compartment of Lakes Surrounding Hyderabad, India

Abstract

NDM-1(New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-1) is considered an emerging environmental contaminant, which causes severe hazards for public health. The abuse of antimicrobials for public health and veterinary use could favor the proliferation of resistance in bacteria. In this study, screening and absolute quantification of the NDM-1 in 17 water samples collected from a different sampling location surrounding Hyderabad, India performed using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Absolute quantification achieved by running the isolated DNA (Deoxy-ribonucleic acid) samples from different water bodies in triplicate with the known standards of the NDM-1 and results reported as gene copy number/ng(nanogram) of template DNA. All collected samples had shown a positive signal for the NDM-1 during qPCR analysis. Among the tested samples, the highest gene copy number/ng of template DNA was observed in the Mir Alam tank (985.74). Further, based on pollution sources and observed data, a hierarchical clustering analysis was performed to categorize the different sampling locations and results presented in the form of a dendrogram.

Keywords

• Antibiotic Resistance, NDM-1, Lake Water, qPCR, Hierarchical Clustering