Direct-Deposited Graphene Oxide on Dental Implants for Antimicrobial Activities and Osteogenesis

Abstract

WooHyung Jang,1 Hee-Seon Kim,1 Khurshed Alam,2 Min-Kyung Ji,3 Hoon-Sung Cho,2 Hyun-Pil Lim1 1Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea; 2Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Korea; 3Optoelectronics Convergence Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, KoreaCorrespondence: Hyun-Pil LimDepartment of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, KoreaTel [phone]Fax [phone]Email [email protected] ChoDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, KoreaTel/Fax [phone]Email [email protected]: To determine the effects of graphene oxide (GO) deposition (on a zirconia surface) on bacterial adhesion and osteoblast activation.Methods: An atmospheric pressure plasma generator (PGS-300) was used to coat Ar/CH4 mixed gas onto zirconia specimens (15-mm diameter × 2.5-mm thick disks) at a rate of 10 L/min and 240 V. Zirconia specimens were divided into two groups: uncoated (control; Zr) group and GO-coated (Zr-GO) group. Surface characteristics and element structures of each specimen were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and contact angle. Additionally, crystal violet staining was performed to assess the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. WST-8 and ALP (Alkaline phosphatase) assays were conducted to evaluate MC3T3-E1 osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Statistical analysis was calculated by the Mann–Whitney U-test.Results: FE–SEM and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated effective GO deposition on the zirconia surface in Zr-GO. The attachment and biofilm formation of S. mutans was significantly reduced in Zr-GO compared with that of Zr (P < 0.05). While no significant differences in cell attachment of MC3T3-1 were observed, both proliferation and differentiation were increased in Zr-GO as compared with that of Zr (P < 0.05).Significance: GO-coated zirconia inhibited the attachment of S. mutans and stimulated proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Therefore, GO-coated zirconia can prevent peri-implantitis by inhibiting bacterial adhesion. Moreover, its osteogenic ability can increase bone adhesion and success rate of implants.Keywords: graphene oxide, GO, zirconia implant, biofilm formation, osteoblast, non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma

Keywords

• graphene oxide (go)
• zirconia implant
• biofilm formation
• osteoblast
• non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma