Ferroptosis in Osteocytes as a Target for Protection Against Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Abstract

Abstract Ferroptosis is a necrotic form of iron‐dependent regulatory cell death. Estrogen withdrawal can interfere with iron metabolism, which is responsible for the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Here, it is demonstrated that estrogen withdrawal induces iron accumulation in the skeleton and the ferroptosis of osteocytes, leading to reduced bone mineral density. Furthermore, the facilitatory effect of ferroptosis of osteocytes is verified in the occurrence and development of postmenopausal osteoporosis is associated with over activated osteoclastogenesis using a direct osteocyte/osteoclast coculture system and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) knockout ovariectomized mice. In addition, the nuclear factor erythroid derived 2‐related factor‐2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway is confirmed to be a crucial factor in the ferroptosis of osteocytic cells. Nrf2 regulates the expression of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL) by regulating the DNA methylation level of the RANKL promoter mediated by DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a), which is as an important mechanism in osteocytic ferroptosis‐mediated osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, this data suggests that osteocytic ferroptosis is involved in PMOP and can be targeted to tune bone homeostasis.

Keywords

• osteocytes
• ferroptosis
• postmenopausal osteoporosis
• DNA methylation
• nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand