The Role of Gender-Affirming Surgery and Hormone Therapy in the Development of Substance Use and Psychological Disorders in Assigned Males at Birth with Gender Dysphoria

• Marc Levine, MD,
• Zachary Freedman, MD,
• Lance Levine, MD

Affiliations

Marc Levine, MD

Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Zachary Freedman, MD

Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN

Lance Levine, MD

Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN