PLoS ONE (Jan 2018)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution in penile carcinoma: Association with clinic pathological factors.

  • Lyriane Apolinário de Araújo,
  • Adriano Augusto Peclat De Paula,
  • Hellen da Silva Cintra de Paula,
  • Jessica Enocêncio Porto Ramos,
  • Brunna Rodrigues de Oliveira,
  • Keila Patrícia Almeida De Carvalho,
  • Rafael Alves Guimarães,
  • Rita de Cássia Gonçalves de Alencar,
  • Eliza Carla Barroso Duarte,
  • Silvia Helena Rabelo Santos,
  • Vera Aparecida Saddi,
  • Megmar Aparecida Dos Santos Carneiro

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199557
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13, no. 6
p. e0199557

Abstract

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BACKGROUND:Penile carcinoma (PC) is a rare, highly mutilating disease, common in developing countries. The evolution of penile cancer includes at least two independent carcinogenic pathways, related or unrelated to HPV infection. OBJECTIVES:To estimate the prevalence, identify HPV genotypes, and correlate with clinicopathological data on penile cancer. METHODS:A retrospective cohort study involving 183 patients with PC undergoing treatment in a referral hospital in Goiânia, Goiás, in Midwestern Brazil, from 2003 to 2015. Samples containing paraffin embedded tumor fragments were subjected to detection and genotyping by INNO-LiPA HPV. The clinicopathological variables were subjected to analysis with respect to HPV positivity and used prevalence ratio (PR), adjusted prevalence ratio (PRa) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as statistical measures. RESULTS:The prevalence of HPV DNA in PC was 30.6% (95% CI: 24.4 to 37.6), high-risk HPV 24.9% (95% CI: 18.9 to 31.3), and 62.5% were HPV 16. There was a statistical association between the endpoints HPV infection and HPV high risk, and the variable tumor grade II-III (p = 0.025) (p = 0.040), respectively. There was no statistical difference in disease specific survival at 10 years between the HPV positive and negative patients (p = 0.143), and high and low risk HPV (p = 0.325). CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of HPV infection was 30.6%, and 80.3% of the genotypes were identified as preventable by anti-HPV quadrivalent or nonavalent vaccine. HPV infections and high-risk HPV were not associated with penile carcinoma prognosis in this study.