Nail Lacquer Containing <i>Origanum vulgare</i> and <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> Essential Oils and Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles for Onychomycosis: Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of Antifungal Efficacy
Sara Scandorieiro,
Natalia Rodrigues de Oliveira,
Monique de Souza,
Lidiane Vizioli de Castro-Hoshino,
Mauro Luciano Baesso,
Gerson Nakazato,
Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi,
Luciano Aparecido Panagio,
Audrey Alesandra Stinghen Garcia Lonni
Affiliations
Sara Scandorieiro
Laboratory of Innovation and Cosmeceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Hospital Universitário de Londrina, Robert Koch Avenue, 60, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil
Natalia Rodrigues de Oliveira
Laboratory of Innovation and Cosmeceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Hospital Universitário de Londrina, Robert Koch Avenue, 60, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil
Monique de Souza
Department of Physics, Center of Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Colombo Avenue, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
Lidiane Vizioli de Castro-Hoshino
Department of Physics, Center of Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Colombo Avenue, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
Mauro Luciano Baesso
Department of Physics, Center of Exact Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Colombo Avenue, 5790, Maringá 87020-900, Brazil
Gerson Nakazato
Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR-445, Km 380, University Campus, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi
Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR-445, Km 380, University Campus, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
Luciano Aparecido Panagio
Laboratory of Medical Mycology and Oral Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR-445, Km 380, University Campus, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
Audrey Alesandra Stinghen Garcia Lonni
Laboratory of Innovation and Cosmeceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Hospital Universitário de Londrina, Robert Koch Avenue, 60, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil
Onychomycosis is a common fungal nail infection for which new antifungals are needed to overcome antimicrobial resistance and the limitations of conventional treatments. This study reports the development of antifungal nail lacquers containing oregano essential oil (OEO), rosemary essential oil (REO), and biogenic silver nanoparticles (bioAgNPs). The formulations (F) were tested against dermatophytes using agar diffusion, ex vivo nail infection, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. They were evaluated for their pharmacotechnical characteristics and by FTIR-PAS to assess permeation across the nail. F-OEO and F-OEO/bioAgNPs were promising candidates for the final nail lacquer formulation, as they permeated through the nail and showed antifungal efficacy against dermatophytes-contaminated nails after 5 days of treatment. Treated nails exhibited decreased hyphae and spores compared to the untreated control; the hyphae were atypically flattened, indicating loss of cytoplasmic content due to damage to the cytoplasmic membrane. The formulations were stable after centrifugation and thermal stress, maintaining organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics. Both F-OEO and F-OEO/bioAgNPs had pH compatible with the nail and drying times (59–90 s) within the reference for nail lacquer. For the first time, OEO and bioAgNPs were incorporated into nail lacquer, resulting in a natural and nanotechnological product for onychomycosis that could combat microbial resistance.
