Atmosphere (Apr 2022)
On the Redox-Activity and Health-Effects of Atmospheric Primary and Secondary Aerosol: Phenomenology
- Francesca Costabile,
- Stefano Decesari,
- Roberta Vecchi,
- Franco Lucarelli,
- Gabriele Curci,
- Dario Massabò,
- Matteo Rinaldi,
- Maurizio Gualtieri,
- Emanuela Corsini,
- Elena Menegola,
- Silvia Canepari,
- Lorenzo Massimi,
- Stefania Argentini,
- Maurizio Busetto,
- Gianluca Di Iulio,
- Luca Di Liberto,
- Marco Paglione,
- Igor Petenko,
- Mara Russo,
- Angela Marinoni,
- Gianpietro Casasanta,
- Sara Valentini,
- Vera Bernardoni,
- Federica Crova,
- Gianluigi Valli,
- Alice Corina Forello,
- Fabio Giardi,
- Silvia Nava,
- Giulia Pazzi,
- Paolo Prati,
- Virginia Vernocchi,
- Teresa La Torretta,
- Ettore Petralia,
- Milena Stracquadanio,
- Gabriele Zanini,
- Gloria Melzi,
- Emma Nozza,
- Martina Iulini,
- Donatella Caruso,
- Lucia Cioffi,
- Gabriele Imperato,
- Flavio Giavarini,
- Maria Battistoni,
- Francesca Di Renzo,
- Maria Agostina Frezzini,
- Cinzia Perrino,
- Maria Cristina Facchini
Affiliations
- Francesca Costabile
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Stefano Decesari
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Roberta Vecchi
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, INFN-Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Franco Lucarelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Gabriele Curci
- Department of Physico Chemical Science, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Dario Massabò
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Genova, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare—INFN-Genoa, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Matteo Rinaldi
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Maurizio Gualtieri
- ENEA-SSPT-MET-INAT, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Emanuela Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Elena Menegola
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Silvia Canepari
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Lorenzo Massimi
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Stefania Argentini
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Maurizio Busetto
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Gianluca Di Iulio
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Luca Di Liberto
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Marco Paglione
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Igor Petenko
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Mara Russo
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Angela Marinoni
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Gianpietro Casasanta
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Sara Valentini
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, INFN-Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Vera Bernardoni
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, INFN-Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Federica Crova
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, INFN-Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Gianluigi Valli
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, INFN-Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Alice Corina Forello
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Fabio Giardi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Silvia Nava
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Giulia Pazzi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Università degli Studi di Firenze, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Paolo Prati
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Genova, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare—INFN-Genoa, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Virginia Vernocchi
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Genova, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare—INFN-Genoa, 16146 Genova, Italy
- Teresa La Torretta
- ENEA-SSPT-MET-INAT, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Ettore Petralia
- ENEA-SSPT-MET-INAT, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Milena Stracquadanio
- ENEA-SSPT-MET-INAT, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Gabriele Zanini
- ENEA-SSPT-MET-INAT, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Gloria Melzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Emma Nozza
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, INFN-Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Martina Iulini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Donatella Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Lucia Cioffi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Gabriele Imperato
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Flavio Giavarini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Maria Battistoni
- Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, INFN-Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Francesca Di Renzo
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Maria Agostina Frezzini
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Cinzia Perrino
- Institute of Air Pollution, National Research Council, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Maria Cristina Facchini
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050704
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13,
no. 5
p. 704
Abstract
The RHAPS (Redox-Activity And Health-Effects Of Atmospheric Primary And Secondary Aerosol) project was launched in 2019 with the major objective of identifying specific properties of the fine atmospheric aerosol from combustion sources that are responsible for toxicological effects and can be used as new metrics for health-related outdoor pollution studies. In this paper, we present the overall methodology of RHAPS and introduce the phenomenology and the first data observed. A comprehensive physico-chemical aerosol characterization has been achieved by means of high-time resolution measurements (e.g., number size distributions, refractory chemical components, elemental composition) and low-time resolution analyses (e.g., oxidative potential, toxicological assays, chemical composition). Preliminary results indicate that, at the real atmospheric conditions observed (i.e., daily PM1 from less than 4 to more than 50 μg m−3), high/low mass concentrations of PM1, as well as black carbon (BC) and water soluble Oxidative Potential (WSOP,) do not necessarily translate into high/low toxicity. Notably, these findings were observed during a variety of atmospheric conditions and aerosol properties and with different toxicological assessments. Findings suggest a higher complexity in the relations observed between atmospheric aerosol and toxicological endpoints that go beyond the currently used PM1 metrics. Finally, we provide an outlook to companion papers where data will be analyzed in more detail, with the focus on source apportionment of PM1 and the role of source emissions on aerosol toxicity, the OP as a predictive variable for PM1 toxicity, and the related role of SOA possessing redox-active capacity, exposure-response relationships for PM1, and air quality models to forecast PM1 toxicity.
Keywords
- atmospheric aerosol
- chemical composition
- secondary aerosol
- source apportionment
- ultrafine particles
- oxidative potential
