中国近代油脂工业嬗变与新生Transmutation and new life of modern Chinese oil and fat industry

Abstract

近代中国列强环伺，强取豪夺，民生多艰，国家飘摇，油脂行业亦被裹挟着进入了前所未有之变局。制油业逐渐从农副业自然经济母体中分离出来，成为独立的手工业工场，半机械化、机械化榨油工厂开始出现，传统榨油设备也逐渐转变为新式机械榨油设备。从植物油料商品化生产、各方资本进入榨油业、榨油设备引进研制方面综述了中国近代油脂工业的发展，并提出了不足之处。从油料作物的种植，到榨油工艺的改进，再到油料油脂的进出口，无一不彰显着中国近代油脂工业的艰难转型与嬗变新生，中国油脂博物馆铭记了这段曲折历程。 Modern China was surrounded by Big Powers. The whole country was plundered and ravaged and Chinese people suffered great hardships. Chinese oil and fat industry was thus coerced to enter the turmoil. Oil and fat industry was separated from agricultural sideline and became independent handicraft industry. Semi-mechanized and mechanized oil-pressing factories came into being. Traditional oil-pressing equipment was gradually replaced by new mechanical equipment. The development of modern Chinese oil and fat was reviewed in terms of the commercial production of vegetable oilseeds, the entry of capital from various parties into the oil-pressing industry and the introduction and development of oil-pressing equipment, and the shortcomings were pointed out. From the oil crops cultivation to oil-pressing technology improvement and then to import and export of oil crops and oils, all showed the difficult transition and transmutation of modern Chinese oil and fat industry to gain its new life. Oils and Fats Museum of China has kept this chequered course.

Keywords

• 中国油脂博物馆；近代油脂工业；嬗变
• oils and fats museum of china; modern oil and fat industry; transmutation