Cardiac fibrosis is a key aspect of heart failure, leading to reduced ventricular compliance and impaired electrical conduction in the myocardium. Various pathophysiologic conditions can lead to fibrosis in the left ventricle (LV) and/or right ventricle (RV). Despite growing evidence to support the transcriptomic heterogeneity of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in healthy and diseased states, there have been no direct comparisons of CFs in the LV and RV. Given the distinct natures of the ventricles, we hypothesized that LV- and RV-derived CFs would display baseline transcriptomic differences that influence their proliferation and differentiation following injury. Bulk RNA sequencing of CFs isolated from healthy murine left and right ventricles indicated that LV-derived CFs may be further along the myofibroblast transdifferentiation trajectory than cells isolated from the RV. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of the two populations confirmed that Postn+ CFs were more enriched in the LV, whereas Igfbp3+ CFs were enriched in the RV at baseline. Notably, following pressure overload injury, the LV developed a larger subpopulation of pro-fibrotic Thbs4+/Cthrc1+ injury-induced CFs, while the RV showed a unique expansion of two less-well-characterized CF subpopulations (Igfbp3+ and Inmt+). These findings demonstrate that LV- and RV-derived CFs display baseline subpopulation differences that may dictate their diverging responses to pressure overload injury. Further study of these subpopulations will elucidate their role in the development of fibrosis and inform on whether LV and RV fibrosis require distinct treatments.
