Numerical study on the prediction of oil recovery rates in unconventional reservoirs at high temperatures using ecologically friendly hybrid nanofluids
Mudasar Zafar,
Hamzah Sakidin,
Abida Hussain,
Farman Ullah,
Mikhail Sheremet,
Iskandar Dzulkarnain,
Roslinda Nazar,
Abdullah Al-Yaari,
Liaqat Ali
Affiliations
Mudasar Zafar
School of Mathematics, Actuarial and Quantative Studies (SOMAQS), Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation (APU), Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia; Corresponding author. School of Mathematics, Actuarial and Quantative Studies (SOMAQS), Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation (APU), Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Hamzah Sakidin
School of Mathematics, Actuarial and Quantative Studies (SOMAQS), Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation (APU), Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Abida Hussain
School of Mathematics, Actuarial and Quantative Studies (SOMAQS), Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation (APU), Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Farman Ullah
Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia; Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Bannu, 28100, Pakistan
Mikhail Sheremet
Laboratory on Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, Tomsk State University, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
Iskandar Dzulkarnain
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
Roslinda Nazar
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Abdullah Al-Yaari
School of Mathematics, Actuarial and Quantative Studies (SOMAQS), Asia Pacific University of Technology & Innovation (APU), Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Liaqat Ali
School of Sciences, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, 710021, China
Although oil extraction is indispensable for meeting worldwide energy demands and ensuring industrial sustainability, various hazards are observed. Therefore, this study examined the chemical oil recovery-related environmental consequences concerning water, soil, ecosystem, and human health damages. A numerical analysis explored the mathematical model for oil extraction from unconventional sources by utilising 3D porous prism geometries under high-temperature conditions. This unique methodology utilised environmentally friendly TiO2-SiO2 hybrid nanoparticles, which were not previously investigated. The optimal conditions for oil extraction were then determined by simulations performed at 100 °C, 150 °C, and 200 °C for 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 12 h. This study also explored the optimisation of recovery rates by analysing several variables using ANSYS Fluent software, such as flow rate, porosity, and volume fraction. Consequently, these green TiO2-SiO2 nanoparticles presented an oil recovery rate that was 28 % and 6 % higher than water-flooding and conventional monofluid injection techniques, respectively. This outcome suggested that these TiO2-SiO2 nanoparticles could enhance efficiency and minimise environmental damage.
