Salicylic acid-induced differential resistance to the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus among resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars

Abstract

Abstract Background In higher plants, salicylic acid (SA) plays important roles in inducing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) causes a highly devastating viral disease in plants, particularly in tomato. However, the roles of SA in inducing tomato plant resistance to TYLCV remain unclear. Results In this study, we investigated whether the exogenous application of SA can improve the resistance of tomato plants to TYLCV in two tomato cultivars, resistant ‘Zhefen-702’ and susceptible ‘Jinpeng-1’. The impacts of SA on the accumulation of ascorbic acid (AsA) and biosynthetic gene expression, the activity of some important reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes, and the expression patterns of stress-related genes were also determined. Results indicated that SA can effectively regulate the accumulation of AsA, especially in ‘Jinpeng-1’. Similarly, the expression patterns of most of the AsA biosynthetic genes showed a negative relationship with AsA accumulation in the resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars. In the two tomato cultivars, the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) in the SA + TYLCV treated plants were increased during the experiment period except at 14 days (APX in ‘Jinpeng-1’ was also at 4 days) post infected (dpi) with TYLCV. Simultaneously, the activity of SOD was reduced in ‘Jinpeng-1’ and increased in ‘Zhefen-702’ after treatment with SA + TYLCV. SA can substantially induce the expression of ROS-scavenging genes at different extents. From 2 to 10 dpi, the virus content in the SA + TYLCV treated plants was remarkably lower than those in the TYLCV treated plants in ‘Jinpeng-1’and Zhefen-702’. Conclusions The above results suggest that SA can enhance tomato plant resistance by modulating the expression of genes encoding for ROS-scavenging players, altering the activity of resistance-related enzymes, and inducing the expression of pathogenesis-related genes to produce systemic acquired resistance. Simultaneously, these results confirm that SA is a resistance-inducing factor against TYLCV infection that can be effectively applied in tomato plants.

Keywords

• Tomato yellow leaf curl virus
• Salicylic acid
• Ascorbic acid
• ROS-scavenging enzymes
• Systemic acquired resistance
• Tomato