Optimized swarming motility assay to identify anti-virulence products against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a pathogen of farmed shrimp

Abstract

Swarming motility is a type of movement used by pathogenic flagellated bacteria as virulence factor to colonize surfaces and cause damage to the host. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a pathogenic flagellated bacterium that increases its virulence by switching from swimmer to swarming cells. The hosts of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus include farmed shrimp. Therefore, methods to detect and quantify this movement are important to control shrimp diseases caused by pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains. We developed an optimized swarming motility assay by identifying the most optimal type of agar, and drying time of the culture medium, agar concentration and volume of the bacterial culture to achieve the fastest swarming motility during the migration of V. parahaemolyticus on Petri dishes during a 24-hour incubation period. The method includes data analysis that could be used as a tool to identify potential anti-virulence products by comparing the slopes of the linearized diameters of the swarming halos of bacteria treated with the products, as they migrate on Petri dishes over a 24-hour incubation period.Here we report: • A simple method for detection and quantification of swarming motility halos of V. parahaemolyticus bacteria. • A method that could be used as a tool to identify potential anti-virulence products.

Keywords

• Bacterial flagellum
• Bacterial motility
• Bacterial pathogenicity
• Significant differences among slopes
• Virulence factors
• Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei shrimp