One year follow-up of US-Guided radiofrequency ablation for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: The first experience in Taiwan

Abstract

Background: The incidence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has increased rapidly in recent decades, with a favorable overall prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound (US)-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for treating low-risk PTMC in Taiwan. Methods: This prospective study included patients with PTMC who were ineligible or refused surgery and underwent US-guided RFA between October 2018 and June 2020. US and computed tomography (CT) were performed before RFA to assess tumor lesions and exclude cervical lymph node metastasis. Sequential US follow-up following RFA was performed after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, and yearly thereafter. Volume reduction ratio (VRR) and complete disappearance rate of tumor at one year were evaluated. Results: 13 PTMCs in 12 patients were enrolled with a mean follow-up of 16.2 ± 8.1 months (range, 1–24 months). The median largest tumor diameter and tumor volume before RFA were 0.76 cm and 0.15 ml (range, 0.02–0.37 ml). The median (interquartile range, IQR) volume and VRR at 12 months post-RFA were 0 (0, 0.03) ml (p = 0.033) and 100% (84.26%, 100%) (p = 0.008). Eight tumors (61.54%) were completely disappeared at 12 months post-RFA and no tumor recurrence, lymph nodes, or distant metastasis were noted. All tumors were successfully treated without complications. Conclusion: Minimally invasive US-guided RFA is an effective and safe alternative for low-risk PTMC, resulting a satisfied VRR.

Keywords

• Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
• Radiofrequency ablation
• Ultrasound