Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from <i>Psidium cattleianum</i> Leaves: Optimization Using the Response Surface Methodology
Napoleón González-Silva,
Yolanda Nolasco-González,
Gabriela Aguilar-Hernández,
Sonia Guadalupe Sáyago-Ayerdi,
Zuamí Villagrán,
José Luis Acosta,
Efigenia Montalvo-González,
Luis Miguel Anaya-Esparza
Affiliations
Napoleón González-Silva
Department of Livestock and Agricultural Sciences, University Center of Los Altos, University of Guadalajara, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Guadalajara 47600, Mexico
Yolanda Nolasco-González
Integral Food Research Laboratory, National Technological of Mexico/Technological Institute of Tepic, Av. Tecnologico 2595, Tepic 63175, Mexico
Gabriela Aguilar-Hernández
Department of Livestock and Agricultural Sciences, University Center of Los Altos, University of Guadalajara, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Guadalajara 47600, Mexico
Sonia Guadalupe Sáyago-Ayerdi
Integral Food Research Laboratory, National Technological of Mexico/Technological Institute of Tepic, Av. Tecnologico 2595, Tepic 63175, Mexico
Zuamí Villagrán
Department of Health Sciences, Division of Biomedical Science, University Center of Los Altos, University of Guadalajara, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Guadalajara 47600, Mexico
José Luis Acosta
Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Integral Regional Development Sinaloa Unit, National Polytechnic Institute, Boulevard Juan de Dios Bátiz 250, Guasave 81049, Mexico
Efigenia Montalvo-González
Integral Food Research Laboratory, National Technological of Mexico/Technological Institute of Tepic, Av. Tecnologico 2595, Tepic 63175, Mexico
Luis Miguel Anaya-Esparza
Department of Livestock and Agricultural Sciences, University Center of Los Altos, University of Guadalajara, Av. Rafael Casillas Aceves 1200, Guadalajara 47600, Mexico
In this study, conditions for the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of soluble polyphenols from Psidium cattleianum (PC) leaves were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) by assessing the effect of extraction time (XET = 2, 4, and 6 min), sonication amplitude (XSA = 60, 80, and 100%), and pulse cycle (XPC = 0.4, 0.7, and 1 s). Furthermore, the optimized UAE conditions were compared with a conventional aqueous–organic extraction (AOE) method for extracting total phenolics; moreover, a phenolic profile using HPLC and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP) were also compared. According to the RSM, the best conditions for UAE to extract the highest soluble polyphenol content and yield (158.18 mg/g dry matter [DM] and 15.81%) include a 100% sonication amplitude for 4 min at 0.6 s of pulse cycle. The optimal UAE conditions exhibited an effectiveness of 1.71 times in comparison to the AOE method for extracting total phenolics, in 96.66% less time; moreover, PC leaf extracts by UAE showed higher antioxidant values than AOE. Additionally, gallic, protocateic, chlorogenic, caffeic, coumaric, trans-cinnamic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, and syringic acids, as well as kaempferol were identified in PC leaves under UAE. PC leaf extracts are widely used for therapeutic and other industrial purposes; thus, the UAE proves to be a useful technology with which to improve the yield extraction of PC leaf phytochemicals.
