Sleep Apnea Classification Using the Mean Euler–Poincaré Characteristic and AI Techniques
Moises Ramos-Martinez,
Felipe D. J. Sorcia-Vázquez,
Gerardo Ortiz-Torres,
Mario Martínez García,
Mayra G. Mena-Enriquez,
Estela Sarmiento-Bustos,
Juan Carlos Mixteco-Sánchez,
Erasmo Misael Rentería-Vargas,
Jesús E. Valdez-Resendiz,
Jesse Yoe Rumbo-Morales
Affiliations
Moises Ramos-Martinez
Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca Km.45.5, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, Mexico
Felipe D. J. Sorcia-Vázquez
Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca Km.45.5, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, Mexico
Gerardo Ortiz-Torres
Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca Km.45.5, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, Mexico
Mario Martínez García
Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca Km.45.5, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, Mexico
Mayra G. Mena-Enriquez
Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Jalisco, Mexico
Estela Sarmiento-Bustos
División Académica de Mecánica Industrial, Universidad Tecnológica Emiliano Zapata del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad Tecnológica No. 1, Col. Palo Escrito, Emiliano Zapata 62760, Morelos, Mexico
Juan Carlos Mixteco-Sánchez
Natural and Exact Sciences Department, University of Guadalajara, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, Mexico
Erasmo Misael Rentería-Vargas
Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca Km.45.5, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, Mexico
Jesús E. Valdez-Resendiz
School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64700, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
Jesse Yoe Rumbo-Morales
Departamento de Ciencias Computacionales e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara-Ameca Km.45.5, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, Mexico
Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder that disrupts breathing during sleep. This study aims to classify sleep apnea using a machine learning approach and a Euler–Poincaré characteristic (EPC) model derived from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. An ensemble K-nearest neighbors classifier and a feedforward neural network were implemented using the EPC model as inputs. ECG signals were preprocessed with a polynomial-based scheme to reduce noise, and the processed signals were transformed into a non-Gaussian physiological random field (NGPRF) for EPC model extraction from excursion sets. The classifiers were then applied to the EPC model inputs. Using the Apnea-ECG dataset, the proposed method achieved an accuracy of 98.5%, sensitivity of 94.5%, and specificity of 100%. Combining machine learning methods and geometrical features can effectively diagnose sleep apnea from single-lead ECG signals. The EPC model enhances clinical decision-making for evaluating this disease.
