Chemical Composition of <i>Piper nigrum</i> L. Cultivar Guajarina Essential Oils and Their Biological Activity
Bruna de Souza Feitosa,
Oberdan Oliveira Ferreira,
Celeste de Jesus Pereira Franco,
Himani Karakoti,
Ravendra Kumar,
Marcia Moraes Cascaes,
Rahul D. Jawarkar,
Suraj N. Mali,
Jorddy Neves Cruz,
Ilmarina Campos de Menezes,
Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira,
Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade
Affiliations
Bruna de Souza Feitosa
School of Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
Oberdan Oliveira Ferreira
Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology—Rede Bionorte, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
Celeste de Jesus Pereira Franco
School of Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
Himani Karakoti
Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand 263145, India
Ravendra Kumar
Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand 263145, India
Marcia Moraes Cascaes
Graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
Rahul D. Jawarkar
Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Dr. Rajendra Gode Institute of Pharmacy, University Mardi Road, Amravati 444603, India
Suraj N. Mali
School of Pharmacy, D.Y. Patil University (Deemed to be University), Sector 7, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, India
Jorddy Neves Cruz
Graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology—Rede Bionorte, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
Ilmarina Campos de Menezes
Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Tv. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro, s/n-Marco, Belém 66095-903, PA, Brazil
Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira
Adolpho Ducke Laboratory—Coordination of Botany, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme, Belém 66077-830, PA, Brazil
Eloisa Helena de Aguiar Andrade
School of Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa S/N, Guamá, Belém 66075-900, PA, Brazil
The essential oils and aroma derived from the leaves (L), stems (St), and spikes (s) of Piper nigrum L. cv. Guajarina were extracted; the essential oils were extracted using hydrodistillation (HD), and steam distillation (SD), and the aroma was obtained by simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE). Chemical constituents were identified and quantified using GC/MS and GC-FID. Preliminary biological activity was assessed by determining the toxicity against Artemia salina Leach larvae, calculating mortality rates, and determining lethal concentration values (LC50). The predominant compounds in essential oil samples included α-pinene (0–5.6%), β-pinene (0–22.7%), limonene (0–19.3%), 35 linalool (0–5.3%), δ-elemene (0–10.1%), β-caryophyllene (0.5–21.9%), γ-elemene (7.5–33.9%), and curzerene (6.9–31.7%). Multivariate analysis, employing principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), revealed three groups among the identified classes and two groups among individual compounds. The highest antioxidant activity was found for essential oils derived from the leaves (167.9 41 mg TE mL−1). Larvicidal potential against A. salina was observed in essential oils obtained from the leaves (LC50 6.40 μg mL−1) and spikes (LC50 6.44 μg mL−1). The in silico studies demonstrated that the main compounds can interact with acetylcholinesterase, thus showing the potential molecular interaction responsible for the toxicity of the essential oil in A. salina.
