Frontiers in Oncology (Jan 2025)

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system with renal involvement: a case report and literature review

  • Jun Li,
  • Zhaojiao Li,
  • Yifeng Shi,
  • Jiajie Chen,
  • Heng Zhao,
  • Xueye Mao,
  • Shan Li,
  • Huiying Wang,
  • Qiang Meng,
  • Lingchun Liu

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2025.1502574
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 15

Abstract

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Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a highly aggressive type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The clinical manifestations and imaging of this disease are nonspecific, making diagnosis challenging. We report a case of a patient with recurrent stroke-like symptoms, primarily characterized by hemiplegia, vertigo, ataxia, and proteinuria. Brain MRI revealed multiple cerebral infarctions, microbleeds, and meningeal enhancement. Ultimately, the patient was diagnosed with IVLBCL through a brain tissue biopsy, and involvement of the kidneys was suspected. We suggest considering IVLBCL in patients who present with recurrent stroke-like symptoms, fluctuating neurological deficits, the aforementioned MRI findings, and involvement of other organs. Additionally, central nervous system vasculitis(CNSV) may represent a transitional manifestation of the disease. Pathological biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis. We hope that through this case, doctors can gain a deeper understanding of IVLBCL, enabling early diagnosis and timely treatment to improve prognosis.

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