Medicinski Glasnik Specijalne Bolnice za Bolesti Štitaste Žlezde i Bolesti Metabolizma "Zlatibor" (Jan 2018)

Role of incretins in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes

  • Radojčin Dragan,
  • Polovina Snežana P.

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 23, no. 70
pp. 53 – 65

Abstract

Read online

OBJECTIVE: Incretin hormones secreted in the digestive tract (incretins) have an important role in regulating glucose concentrations, energy balance and preserving Langerhans islet cells. They regulate the glucose concentration, but they can also be predictors of diabetes in the near future if their secretion is reduced. The aim of the study is to determine the association between GLP-1 secretion and the occurrence of insulin resistance, which will lead to the onset of type 2 diabetes by comparing HOMA IR and GLP-1 values, as well as HOMA IR and BMI values. MATERIAL and METHODS: Glucose, insulin and GLP-1 concentrations were measured for 29 participants in the study. HOMA IR were calculated, from values of glucose and insulin concentration, for the each participant in the study. For all participants in the study were measured body mass and height, and calculated BMI. The resultes were statistically procesed, the values of HOMA IR and GLP-1 were compared, as well as values of HOMA IR and BMI. RESULTS: According to the Bayes factor (4.589), there is moderate correlation between HOMA IR and GLP-1.The Pearson coefficient is negativ (r=-0.177), which means thet the increase of HOMA IR values results in a decrease in GLP-1 secretion and vice versa. It has to be noted that there are individual differences in the secretion of this incretin. The Bayes factor (5.732) indicates moderate correlation between HOMA IR and BMI. Positive Pearson coefficient (r=0.121) leads to the conclusion that with the increase of BMI, HOMA IR increases, and consenquently the possibility of insulin resistance. CONCLUSION: Some people with insulin resistance have suppression of release of the glucagon like peptide 1. Reduced GLP-1 secretion is individual and does not have to occure in all people with impaired glucose metabolism. The correlation between HOMA IR and GLP-1 concentrations is negative, which is in favore of the fact that people with insulin resistance have reduced secretion of incretin hormones. We found that the correlation between BMI and HOMA IR values can lead to insulin resistance and consequently to type 2 diabetes.

Keywords