Effective Parts of Maxim Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

Abstract

Hypoxia occurs in physiological situations and several pathological situations, inducing oxidative stress. G straminea Maxim ( G.s Maxim) is a traditional Tibetan medicine that exerts several biological effects. This study focused on the protective effects of G.s Maxim in hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. We found that G . s Maxim significantly increased survival and reduced oxidative stress in hypoxic mice. Various extraction parts of G . s Maxim showed antioxidant activity and significantly improved survival in hypoxia-injured PC12 cells. G.s Maxim reduced hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis and leakage of lactate dehydrogenase. Hypoxic cells had increased malondialdehyde levels but reduced superoxide dismutase activity and G . s Maxim reversed these effects. Moreover, G . s Maxim suppressed hypoxia-induced apoptosis by inducing protein expression of B cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 and reducing the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, Bcl-2-associated X, and nuclear factor-k-gene binding. These findings suggest that G . s Maxim attenuates hypoxia-induced injury associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis.