Applied Sciences (May 2023)
Parameterized Site Selection Approach of Park Entrance Based on Crowd Simulation and Design Requirement
Abstract
With the extensive application of data analysis in various parts of the landscape design process, Building Information Modeling (BIM), City Information Modeling (CIM), and Landscape Information Modeling (LIM) all aim to achieve key data sharing and collaboration in the whole cycle and promote the development of smart cities. Landscape element indicators are complex, diverse, and difficult to quantify, which is one of the reasons for the slow development of LIM. However, with the development requirements of LIM, quantifying landscape elements and transforming landscapes into digital landscape information has become a hot spot in the landscape design industry. Landscape parametric design aims to transform the design elements into quantifiable parameters, obtain the design scheme by changing the value of the parameters, and form the design results based on digital information. It is one of the foundations of LIM. Based on the Rhino + Grasshopper (R+G) platform, this study takes Shuixizhuang Park as an example and establishes the parametric design approach for the park entrance. The approach involves several steps: (1) Confirming the boundary and key points of the park to prepare the basic data for parametric design. (2) Utilizing the Physarealm Algorithm Method (PAM) to simulate crowd paths, the Site Slope Algorithm Model (SSAM) to analyze terrain slope, the Road Intersection Algorithm Model (RIAM) to determine the scope of the park entrance area based on the national and local design codes, and the Crowd Density Algorithm Model (CDAM) and Crowd Convenience Algorithm Model (CCAM) to analyze the density and convenience of the crowd to preliminarily confirm the park entrance. (3) Meeting the basic requirements of the crowd and vehicle gathering and spread by using the Square Area Review Algorithm Model (SARAM) and Parking Lot Review Algorithm Model (PLRAM) to recheck the site area of the park entrance square and park lot to optimize the park entrance. This approach constructs several site analysis models based on the R+G platform and introduces PAM to analyze crowd activity paths, proposing a landscape parametric design method that integrates crowd activity and landscape design requirements. Compared with the classical design, the landscape parametric design derived from the comprehensive data analysis reduces human interference, is more scientific and practical, and better meets the requirements of people entering the park. The approach also provides ideas for other landscape parametric site selections. By adjusting the values of element parameters, the approach can also be applied to the site selection and design of other landscapes.
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