Risk mapping of respiratory viral transmission and disease severity using individual and environmental health parameters: A scoping review and protocol analysis
Rebecca Niese,
Dominique van der Vlist,
Mark Verhagen,
Noortje de Haan,
Melissa Stunnenberg,
Fábio Serafim,
Mirjam Kretzschmar,
Annemieke van der Wal,
Lucie Vermeulen,
Aletta Tholen,
Ana Maria de Roda Husman
Affiliations
Rebecca Niese
Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Corresponding author at: Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
Dominique van der Vlist
Amsterdam Health & Technology Institute, Paasheuvelweg 25, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Mark Verhagen
Amsterdam Health & Technology Institute, Paasheuvelweg 25, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Noortje de Haan
Amsterdam Health & Technology Institute, Paasheuvelweg 25, 1105 BP, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Melissa Stunnenberg
Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
Fábio Serafim
Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
Mirjam Kretzschmar
Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht University, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Annemieke van der Wal
Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
Lucie Vermeulen
Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
Aletta Tholen
Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
Ana Maria de Roda Husman
Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), PO Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; Utrecht University (UU), PO Box 80125, 3508 TC, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Due to the impact respiratory viruses have on human health, a lot of data has been collected and visualised in tools such as dashboards that provide retrospective insights into the course of an epidemic or pandemic. Two well-known respiratory viruses, influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, are the causative agents of influenza and COVID-19, respectively. A scoping review was performed using Embase including data from January 2000 until April 2021 to identify individual and environmental health parameters that affect transmission of influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, as well as disease severity (morbidity (hospitalisation) and mortality) of influenza and COVID-19. Summary data was extracted from published articles. A total of 2280 unique articles were identified by the search, 484 articles were analysed, and 149 articles were included. The information of included articles was combined with data from Dutch databases to create prospective interactive maps that visualise risk areas in the Netherlands on health region, municipality, and neighbourhood-level. Included health parameters are contacts per day, mixing patterns, household composition, presence of certain indoor public spaces, urbanity, meteorological values, average income, age, ethnicity, comorbidity, sex, and smoking habits. The impact and input of these parameters are adjustable by users allowing a fit-for-purpose approach. These maps can be used to corroborate local policy decisions in times of health crisis, or in pandemic preparedness plans, serving as an instant visualisation tool of risk areas in the country. Despite limitations caused by data unavailability, simplification steps, and lack of validation, these interactive maps provide an important basis that can be elaborated on by further research that integrates both individual and environmental parameters.
