THE AMINO ACID CONTENT OF SPELT WHEAT PROTEIN DEPENDING ON THE ORIGIN OF VARIETY AND STRAIN

Abstract

Results of studies on content of basic amino acids in spelt wheat according to the origin of the variety, an integrated assessment index of the content of essential amino acids and ensuring their biological needs for human nutrition, are shown. As a result of studies, it was found that the content of basic amino acids varied from 115.0 in LPP 3117 strain to 183.6 g/kg of grain in the standard strain (Zoria of Ukraine). The protein of spelt wheat contains at most glutamic acid, proline and leucine. Glutamic acid content varied from 32.5 to 47.8 g/kg of grain, proline content varied from 8.6 to 18.3 g/kg and leucine content varied from 8.0 to 13.1 g/kg of grain, depending on the origin of varieties and strains of spelt wheat. Grain of Zoria of Ukraine was characterized by the highest content of essential amino acids, which was 55.5 g/kg. Compared with Zoria of Ukraine, grain of NSS 6/01 had 8% less, Schwabenkorn had 9% less, and Australian 1 had 14% less. Grain of strains obtained by hybridization of Triticum aestivum/Triticum spelta, had a significantly lower content of essential amino acids compared to the standard. The protein of grain of LPP 1305 strain had the largest content of essential amino acids (42.4 g/kg) and LPP 3218 strain (42.0 g/kg). The lowest content was in LPP 3117 strain (38.1 g/kg). The content of essential amino acids is the most balanced in grain of Zoria of Ukraine, as confirmed by the highest integrated assessment index (IAI) of 1.62. The worst IAI indicator was found in grain of LPP 1224 and LPP 3117 strains obtained by hybridization of Triticum aestivum/Triticum spelta, in which it was 1.08 and 1.05 respectively. It was calculated that 100 g of spelt wheat satisfies biological needs of an adult with 22–42% phenylalanine at the most, and with 12–19% lysine at the least, depending on the origin of the variety. 100 grams of grain of Zoria of Ukraine (19–42%), NSS 6/01 (17–32%) and Schwabenkorn varieties (16–32%) provided this need the most, and grain of LPP 3117 strain (14–24%) provided it the least depending on the amino acid among the studied varieties and strains.