Nuclear Fusion (Jan 2024)
Multi-scale gyrokinetic simulations of JT-60U L-mode plasma: reduction of the ion scale energy loss due to the nonlinear coupling with the electron scale turbulence
Abstract
We investigate the effect of the electron temperature gradient (ETG) driven turbulence on the energy transport in JT-60U L-mode plasma by means of the multi-scale gyrokinetic simulation. In the core region at $r/a = 0.5$ , the instability in the ion scale is driven by the ion temperature gradient (ITG), meanwhile strong unstable ETG modes are found in the electron scale. The nonlinear multi-scale gyrokinetic simulation shows that ETG modes are stabilized in the nonlinear phase and the energy transport in the multi-scale simulation is similar to that obtained in the ion scale ITG simulation. In an outer region at $r/a = 0.6$ , the ion scale instability changes to be the trapped electron mode (TEM). The multi-scale simulation shows that both the ion and the electron energy flux are reduced by ${\sim}30\%$ compared to those obtained in the single scale TEM simulation. Interestingly, the electron energy flux is close to the experimental value after this reduction. From the data analyses, we find that ETG turbulence damps the energy of TEM modes through the ion scale/electron scale coupling and the electron scale/electron scale coupling, and can be modeled as a turbulent diffusion of TEM modes. These results suggest that the single ion scale simulation seems to be still valid in the inner region with $r/a\lt0.5$ . However, in the outer region it is necessary to include the ETG modes in the gyrokinetic simulations to explain the energy transport in this L-mode plasma. This is the first result showing that ETG turbulence can reduce the electron energy loss via the cross-scale interaction in a real tokamak equilibrium profile.
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