Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (Nov 2007)
Associação entre abortamentos recorrentes, perdas fetais, pré-eclâmpsia grave e trombofilias hereditárias e anticorpos antifosfolípides em mulheres do Brasil Central Association of recurrent abortion, fetal loss and severe pre-eclampsia with hereditary thrombophilias and antiphospholipid antibodies in pregnant women of central Brazil
Abstract
OBJETIVO: verificar a associação entre abortamentos, perdas fetais recorrentes e pré-eclâmpsia grave e a presença de trombofilias hereditárias e anticorpos antifosfolípides em gestantes. MÉTODOS: estudo observacional transversal de 48 gestantes com histórico de abortamentos recorrentes, perdas fetais (Grupo AB), além de pré-eclâmpsia grave (Grupo PE), atendidas no Ambulatório de Gestação de Alto Risco da Faculdade de Medicina (Famed) da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) no período de novembro de 2006 a julho de 2007. Rastreou-se a presença de anticorpos antifosfolípides (anticardiolipina IgM e IgG, anticoagulante lúpico e anti-beta2-glicoproteína I) e trombofilias hereditárias (deficiências de proteínas C e S, antitrombina, hiper-homocisteinemia e mutação do fator V Leiden) nas gestantes de ambos os grupos. Os exames foram realizados durante o pré-natal. Os dados paramétricos (idade e paridade) foram analisados por meio do teste tau de Student e os não paramétricos (presença/ausência de trombofilias hereditárias e anticorpos antifosfolípides, presença/ausência de pré-eclâmpsia grave, perdas fetais e abortamentos de repetição) em tabelas 2X2 utilizando o teste exato de Fisher, considerando significativo pPURPOSE: to verify the association of abortion, recurrent fetal loss, miscarriage and severe pre-eclampsia with the presence of hereditary thrombophilias and antiphospholipid antibodies in pregnant women. METHODS: observational and transverse study of 48 pregnant women with past medical record of miscarriage, repeated abortion and fetal loss story (AB Group) and severe pre-eclampsia (PE Group), attended to in the High Risk Pregnancy Ambulatory of the Faculdade de Medicina (Famed) from the Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) from November 2006 to July 2007. The pregnant women of both groups were screened for the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (anticardiolipin IgG and IgM, lupic anticoagulant and anti-beta2-glycoprotein I) and hereditary thrombophilias (protein C and S deficiency, antithrombin deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia and factor V Leiden mutation). The laboratorial screening was performed during the pregnancy. The parametric data (maternal age and parity) were analyzed with Student’s tau test. The non-parametric data (presence/absence of hereditary thrombophilias and antiphospholipid antibodies, presence/absence of pre-eclampsia, fetal loss, miscarriage and repeated abortion) were analyzed with Fisher’s exact test in contingency tables. It was considered significant the association with p value <0.05. RESULTS: out of the 48 pregnant women, 31 (65%) were included in AB Group and 17 (35%) in PE Group. There was no significant difference between maternal age and parity within the groups. There was significant statistical association between recurrent fetal loss, recurrent abortions and previous miscarriages and maternal hereditary thrombophilias (p<0.05). There was no statistical association between the AB Group and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Neither there were associations of the PE Group with maternal hereditary thrombophilias and the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: the data obtained suggest routine laboratorial investigation for hereditary thrombophilias in pregnant women with previous obstetrical story of recurrent fetal loss, repeated abortion and miscarriage.
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