2023 Focused Update of the 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure

Abstract

Since the publication of the 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure (HF), results of several randomized controlled clinical trials have been published that have a direct impact on day-to-day clinical practice in the treatment of HF patients. These studies provided knowledge that made it necessary to update recommendations for the treatment of HF patients before the publication of the next planned full guideline. Based on the above, the 2023 focused update addresses changes warranted by new evidence in the original guideline's recommendations for addressing the HF. The recommendations for the following sections of the 2021 ESC HF Guideline have been updated: 1) chronic HF: HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF); 2) acute HF; 3) comorbidities and prevention of HF. This article details the updated recommendations and the results of the studies that underpinned the updated recommendations.

Keywords

• acute and chronic heart failure
• sglt2 inhibitors
• type 2 diabetes mellitus
• iron deficiency