Global Fine Registration of Point Cloud in LiDAR SLAM Based on Pose Graph

Abstract

The laser scanning system based on Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM)technology has the advantages of low cost, high precision and high efficiency. It has drawn wide attention in the field of surveying and mapping in recent years. Although real-time data acquisition can be achieved using SLAM technology, the precision of the data can’t be ensured, and inconsistency exists in the acquired point cloud. In order to improve the precision of the point cloud obtained by this kind of system, this paper presents a hierarchical point cloud global optimization algorithm. Firstly, the “point-to-plane” iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm is used to match the overlapping point clouds to form constraints between the trajectories of the scanning system. Then a pose graph is constructed to optimize the trajectory. Finally, the optimized trajectory is used to refine the point cloud. The computational efficiency is improved by decomposing the optimization process into two levels, i.e. local level and global level. The experimental results show that the RMSE of the distance between the corresponding points in overlapping areas is reduced by about 50% after optimization, and the internal inconsistency is effectively eliminated.

Keywords

• |point cloud refine|simultaneous localization and mapping|global optimization|graph optimization|iterative closest point