RETRACTED: Aescusan: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic characteristics

Abstract

RETRACTED ARTICLEThe article is devoted to Aescusan, a well-studied preparation that is traditionally used in clinical practice for the treatment of chronic diseases of veins, hemorrhoids, postoperative and post-traumatic edema. The main active substance is aescin that is contained in horse chestnut seed extract - Aesculus hippocastanum. The paper presents data of a randomized controlled study demonstrating the efficacy of Aescusan in the treatment of chronic venous diseases and chronic venous edema along with the compression therapy. A number of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies provided convincing proof of efficacy of Aescusan. In particular, they proved the anti-edema, anti-inflammatory and venotonic effect of the preparation. Aescusan improves calcium ions entry into the smooth muscle cell channels in the vascular wall, which increases the venous vascular tone. The anti-inflammatory effect of Aescusan is associated with blockade of prostaglandin F2 (PGF2) release from the venous wall, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and histamine antagonism, decreased catabolism of tissue mucopolysaccharides. Conclusion: Aescusan has a pluripotent effect on various pathogenetic mechanisms of chronic venous diseases. It is known for its good tolerability and ease of use, which makes it possible to use the preparation in patients with chronic venous diseases, hemorrhoids, and peripheral post-traumatic edema.

Keywords

• aescusan
• aescin
• horse chestnut
• chronic vein diseases
• hemorrhoids
• postoperative edema