Sustainable Diesel from Pyrolysis of Unsaturated Fatty Acid Basic Soaps: The Effect of Temperature on Yield and Product Composition
Endar Puspawiningtiyas,
Oki Muraza,
Hary Devianto,
Meiti Pratiwi,
Subagjo,
Tirto Prakoso,
Krisnawan,
Usamah Zaki,
Lidya Elizabeth,
Tatang H. Soerawidjaja,
Yohanes Andre Situmorang,
Antonius Indarto
Affiliations
Endar Puspawiningtiyas
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha Street No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Oki Muraza
Research & Technology Innovation, Pertamina, Sopo Del Building, 51st Fl. Jl. Mega Kuningan Barat, Jakarta Pusat 12950, Indonesia
Hary Devianto
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha Street No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Meiti Pratiwi
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha Street No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Subagjo
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha Street No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Tirto Prakoso
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha Street No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Krisnawan
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha Street No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Usamah Zaki
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha Street No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Lidya Elizabeth
Department of Chemical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Gegerkalong Hilir Street, Bandung 40559, Indonesia
Tatang H. Soerawidjaja
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha Street No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Yohanes Andre Situmorang
Departement of Bioenergy Engineering and Chemurgy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Let. Jen. Purn. Dr. (HC). Mashudi No. 1 Sumedang, Kota Bandung 45363, Indonesia
Antonius Indarto
Department of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Ganesha Street No. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
The production of sustainable diesel without hydrogen addition remains a challenge for low-cost fuel production. In this work, the pyrolysis of unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) basic soaps was studied for the production sustainable diesel (bio-hydrocarbons). UFAs were obtained from palm fatty acids distillate (PFAD), which was purified by the fractional crystallization method. Metal hydroxides were used to make basic soap composed of a Ca, Mg, and Zn mixture with particular composition. The pyrolysis reactions were carried out in a batch reactor at atmospheric pressure and various temperatures from 375 to 475 °C. The liquid products were obtained with the best yield (58.35%) at 425 °C and yield of diesel fraction 53.4%. The fatty acids were not detected in the pyrolysis liquid product. The gas product consisted of carbon dioxide and methane. The liquid products were a mixture of hydrocarbon with carbon chains in the range of C7 and C20 containing n-alkane, alkene, and iso-alkane.
