Modern assessment of epidemiology and complications of gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer disease

Abstract

Relevance. The high primary incidence of peptic ulcer in people of working age and frequent relapses with a complicated course are accompanied by temporary but quite long-term loss of ability to work, a decrease in labor productivity and quality of life of patients, as well as disability and mortality, which determines the important medical, social and economic status of this disease. In addition, a significantly increasing contribution of primary morbidity to the overall morbidity is made by pediatric patients, and the morbidity of elderly and senile people is growing. In the Russian Federation in 2019, 1,188,551 cases of peptic ulcer disease were registered, 101,680 (8.5 %) of which were diagnosed for the first time in life. According to recent studies, the lifetime prevalence of peptic ulcer disease in the general population of the Russian Federation is 5–10 %, and the annual incidence is 0.1–0.3 %.In the Russian Federation, the incidence of ulcer in children in the last decade is 1100–1500 cases per 100,000 children. In 81–87 % of children, the localization of a newly detected ulcerative defect is determined in the duodenal zone, in 11–13 % — in the stomach wall, and in 4–6 % of children, a combination of ulcer localization in the stomach wall and duodenal zone is noted. The number of complications in the form of bleeding is recorded with an annual frequency of 19 to 57 per 100,000 people. (from 0.02 to 0.06 %). The number of complications in the form of perforation ranges from 4 to 14 cases per 100,000 people. (from 0.004 to 0.014 %). Mortality from complications of peptic ulcer and erosive and ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum is 7.7 % of all deaths caused by diseases of the digestive system. Conclusion. Peptic ulcer disease currently remains one of the diseases of the human digestive system that requires studying the accumulated experience of domestic and foreign medicine and further multidisciplinary research to improve treatment results for this category of patients, and the epidemiology of gastric and duodenal ulcers continues to be of interest, both scientifically and from a practical point of view.

Keywords

• peptic ulcer disease
• morbidity
• complications
• mortality