Effect of arsenic on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Abstract Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a complication of pregnancy associated with numerous adverse outcomes. There may be a potential link between GDM and arsenic (As) exposure, but this hypothesis remains controversial. This meta-analysis summarizes the latest studies evaluating the association between As and GDM. Methods A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases up to September 2023 was performed. The pooled estimates with 95% CIs were presented using forest plots. Estimates were calculated with random effects models, and subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to address heterogeneity. Results A total of 13 eligible studies involving 2575 patients with GDM were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed that women exposed to As had a significantly increased risk of GDM (OR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.95, P = 0.007). Subgroup analyses suggested that the heterogeneity might be attributed to the years of publication. In addition, sensitivity analysis confirmed the robust and reliable results. Conclusions This analysis suggested that women exposed to As have a greater risk of GDM. However, the significant heterogeneity across studies requires careful interpretation. Registration The PROSPERO registration ID is CRD42023461820.

Keywords

• Arsenic
• Pregnancy
• GDM
• Gestational diabetes
• Meta-analysis