Measuring the Effect of Pack Shape on Gravel’s Pore Characteristics and Permeability Using X-ray Diffraction Computed Tomography

Abstract

Particle shape is one of the critical parameter factors that affect gravel’s pore structure and permeability. However, few studies have considered its effects on engineering applications due to the difficulty of conducting laboratory tests. To overcome these difficulties, new methods of estimating the gravel pack shape that involve manual work and measuring the surface area of particles and pores based on support vector machine segmentation and the reconstruction of X-ray diffraction computed tomography (CT) images were proposed. Under the same conditions, CT tests were carried out on gravel packs and two other regular-shaped particle packs to investigate the influence of particle shape on the fractal dimension of gravel’s pore–particle interface and the specific surface area of the pore network. Additionally, permeability tests were performed to study the effect of particle shape on gravel’s hydraulic conductivity. The results showed that a gravel pack with a larger aspect ratio and a smaller roundness had a larger specific pore network surface area and a more complex pore structure, leading to lower permeability. This kind of gravel had a more significant length, quantity, and tortuosity of the seepage path when seepage occurred in a two-dimensional seepage field simulation. Therefore, we suggest that the filter materials of hydraulic projects should preferably use blasting gravel with a larger aspect ratio and smaller roundness to achieve better anti-seepage properties. In addition, projects can increase pores’ specific surface area using our method as a control factor in filter construction.

Keywords

• pack shape
• gravel
• X-ray computed tomography
• image segmentation
• surface area measurement
• pore characteristic