Volga Region Farmland (Jun 2020)
FORMATION OF MIXED AGRO-PHYTOCENOSES OF ALFERA AND CONCEPT IN THE FIRST YEAR OF VEGETATION
Abstract
The studies were carried out on the experimental field of the Penza Agricultural Institute, a branch of the Federal State-Funded Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center of Fibre Crops in 2017-2019. The purpose of the research is to theoretically substantiate and develop technological methods for cultivating the variegated lucerne of Daria variety and smooth brome of Udalets variety for fodder purposes in mixed crops, based on the selection of seeding rates and the mineral nutrient status, ensuring maximum productivity of agrophytocenoses in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. Seeding was in Summer (June), coverless. Pure seeding rate: lucerne and brome 6 mln viable seeds per 1 ha, in mixed crops – according to the experimental design. The method of seeding is ordinary (placement of crops is inter-row). It was shown that an increase in the seeding rate from 40 to 100% of both lucerne and brome promotes better seed germination. So, the germination rate of lucerne seeds when seeding 40% of the total seeding rate was 45.3%, when seeding 70% – 50.9%, when seeding 100% of the seeding rate – 53.9%. Germination rates of smooth brome, on average over three years ranged from 30.0 to 36.6%. An analysis of the influence of the mineral nutrient status showed that the application of mineral fertilizers in years with a lack of precipitation had a negative impact on the seed germination rate of the studied crops. A study of the survival of plants depending on the seeding rate of the components showed that with an increase in the seeding rate from 40 to 100%, the lucerne survival decreases from 62.8% to 50.1%, and the smooth brome survival decreases from 37.5% to 22.3%. Improving the mineral nutrient status also led to a decrease in plant survival: that of lucerne from 62.7% in the control to 59.4-56.9% when phosphorus-potassium and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers were applied, survival of smooth brome – from 36.6 to 32.9-28.9%. The height of lucerne varied from 35 to 48 cm, the higher the seed seeding rate, the higher herbage is formed by lucerne. The height of brome also depended on the seeding rate and the application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N45P60K90. The yield of green mass of lucerne varied from 3.3-3.9 t/ha at 40% seeding rate, to 4.2-5.1 t/ha at 55% seeding rate, 5.2-6.3 t/ha at 70% seeding rate and 6.2-7.8 t/ha at 100% seeding rate. Addition of P60K90 resulted in significant increases in lucerne yields compared with the control variant, while the differences between the variants with addition of P60K90 and N45P60K90 were not significant.
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