Yield efficiency for apple trees depending on intensive orchard systems in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic

Abstract

The study investigated effects of intensive orchard density of different apple cultivars on the yield on the M9 and NK stocks, in comparison with planting on the MM106 stock with the same spindle-shaped crown pruning in the foothills of the KBR. In the first 3 variants, the orchard is on espalier and on drip irrigation, in the 4th and 5th variants - without espalier, irrigated along the furrows. With a non-spaller system and without drip irrigation, the average yield of the Idared, Golden Delicious, Prikubanskoye varieties was 35-37 t/ha, and in the espalier orchid on a M9 dwarf rootstock and on drip irrigation with a planting density of 3170 trees/ha the average yield of the Golden Bee, Granny Smith and Gala varieties was at around 40-43 t/ha. With a superdense planting of Jonagold and Golden Bee trees varieties (6660 trees/ha), the average yield was 66.2-68.7 t/ha. The production of a high-density orchard of the Red Delicious Sandidge variety planted in 2012 with a planting scheme 3,5×0,5 m (5700 trees/ha) was 30 t/ha in the 3rd year, 50 t/ha in the 4th year, and 55 t/ha in the 5th year.