IMPLICATIONS AND CONSTRAINTS OF PERIODONTAL IMPLANTATION FOR ORTHODONTIC PURPOSES IN THE CONTEXT OF DIABETES AND OTHER ASSOCIATED COMORBIDITIES. REVIEW.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease are among the most common chronic diseases of mankind and, remarkably, they share many common features. The most common forms of periodontal diseases, gingivitis and periodontitis, are characterized by a microbially driven series of host responses that lead to periodontal tissue damage.The host response is central to the development of periodontitis, as it is to the development and progression of several human chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus. In the next sections we will review the main features of diabetes mellitus, with the main focus being the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. Peri-implant diseases are infectious conditions affecting dental implants, ranging from peri-implant mucositis, which is an inflammatory lesion of the peri-implant mucosa, to peri-implantitis, which also affects the supporting bone. As well as potentially sharing some similar risk factors, diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease patients have exceptionally similar tendencies to develop comorbidities that tend to cluster in the same individuals. Attention to the patient’s medical history is one of the cornerstones for efforts in the prevention of periodontal and peri-implant diseases.

Keywords

• periodontal disease
• diabetes mellitus
• orthodontic therapy
• implications implantaire.