Intracellular mechanisms regulating the behavior of epidermal stem cells during skin regeneration (a review of literature)

Abstract

Regenerative medicine is an extremely relevant and promising area of modern science, which can supplement theoretical knowledge about the mechanisms of epithelial regeneration and the main factors regulating this process. The article presents scientific studies devoted to the study of the molecular genetical mechanisms of the influence of epidermal stem cells on the wound healing and regeneration of the epithelium. The review includes data on the mechanisms of degree of expression integrins, keratin, a number of microRNAs and noncoding RNAs influence on the proliferation and differentiation of epithelial cells. The effects of microenvironment influence, in particular, Wnt and Notch signaling pathways, which are important components of stem cell microenvironment and play a significant role in skin formation and wound healing, are considered. It also contains information on the epigenetic regulation of the epidermal regeneration process. The mechanisms that realize the effects through interaction with PcG-active growth factor proteins and changes in the activity of histone demethylases, histone diacetylases, and DNA mithyltransferases are noted. The article contains modern ideas about ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling by proteins of the SNF2 family (including SWI2 / SNF2 (BRG1 / BRM), ISWI and CHD / Mi-2β), BRG1 and JMJD3 and their influence on differentiation and activity of epidermal stem cells.

Keywords

• epidermal stem cells
• integrin
• keratin
• microrna
• non-coding longchain rnas
• wnt and notch signaling pathways
• epigenetic regulation