Nutritional Assessment in Stroke Patients: A Review on Comprehensive Evaluations Across Disease Phases

Abstract

Summary: Background/Aim: Stroke is a prevalent acute neurological condition causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Upon hospital admission, approximately 20% of stroke victims display signs of malnutrition and dysphagia. For these patients, the evaluation of nutritional status is pivotal, leading to tailored nutritional strategies. This study aims to outline nutritional evaluations during both the immediate and extended phases post-stroke. Methods: A narrative review of existing literature was conducted using the PICO framework to classify primary and secondary studies and guidelines based on their intrinsic attributes, followed by an in-depth narrative synthesis. Results: The primary and secondary studies identified recommend a malnutrition assessment within the first 48 hours post-admission, emphasizing the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) as suitable for the phase immediately following the stroke event. As patients transition into the prolonged recovery stage, continual community-based nutritional assessments become paramount, involving various healthcare professionals. Research underscores the effectiveness of the Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA) during this phase, highlighting its correlation with functional rehabilitation outcomes. Collaboration between the multidisciplinary team and caregivers is vital for devising individualized nutritional plans. Conclusion: Across the continuum of post-stroke recovery, from the immediate aftermath to rehabilitation and into the chronic disease phase, a thorough nutritional evaluation remains indispensable to enhance functional recovery and the holistic well-being of patients.

Keywords

• Stroke
• Rehabilitation
• Nutritional assessment
• Malnutrition screening tools
• Review