Design of Nickel Supported Hierarchical ZSM-5/USY Zeolite Bifunctional Catalysts for One-Pot Menthol Synthesis via Liquid-Phase Citral Hydrogenation
Abdul Karim Shah,
Ghulam Taswar Shah,
Aqeel Ahmed Shah,
Yeung Ho Park,
Ayaz Ali Shah,
Mooseok Choi,
Shoaib Ahmed,
Syed Nizamuddin Shah Bukhari,
Ali Dad Chandio,
Muhammad Atta Mahar,
Muhammad Ali Shar,
Abdulaziz Alhazaa
Affiliations
Abdul Karim Shah
Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
Ghulam Taswar Shah
Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
Aqeel Ahmed Shah
Wet Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, University Road, Karachi 75720, Pakistan
Yeung Ho Park
Fine Chemical Process Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Sangnok-su, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
Ayaz Ali Shah
Department of Energy and Environment Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
Mooseok Choi
Fine Chemical Process Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Sangnok-su, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
Shoaib Ahmed
Fine Chemical Process Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Sangnok-su, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
Syed Nizamuddin Shah Bukhari
Department of Basic Science, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
Ali Dad Chandio
Wet Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, University Road, Karachi 75720, Pakistan
Muhammad Atta Mahar
Department of Chemical Engineering, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
Muhammad Ali Shar
Department of Mechanical and Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
Abdulaziz Alhazaa
Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Nickel-supported hierarchical zeolite catalysts were prepared through a desilication reassembly process under optimized conditions and applied in one-pot menthol synthesis. In this work, the hierarchical zeolite-supported metal bifunctional catalysts were prepared with the help of desilication re-assembly and wetness impregnation techniques and applied in menthol synthesis via citral hydrogenation. The prepared catalysts were characterized using PXRD, BET, FE-TEM, NH3-TPD, H2-TPR, pyridine adsorption, and ICP-OES techniques. As a result, the physicochemical and acidic properties, such as mesopore surface area, metal dispersion, acidity, catalytic activity, and strong Lewis acid sites of pure microporous ZSM-5/USY zeolites, were significantly improved. Consequently, with the occurrence of superior physicochemical and acidic properties, the Ni/HZ-0.5 M catalyst exhibited outstanding catalytic activity (100% conversion, TOF 7.12 h−1) and menthol selectivity (83%, 4 h) with uniform stability at 100 °C, 1.0 MPa hydrogen. Similarly, the cracking rate decreased with the decrease in Bronsted acid sites.
