Researcher, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UK
Jonathan R. I. Coleman
Lecturer in Statistical Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UK
Mark Adams
Data Scientist, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, UK
Naomi Allen
Professor, University of Oxford; and Chief Scientist, UK Biobank, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford Big Data Institute, UK
Gerome Breen
Professor of Psychiatric Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UK
Breda Cullen
Senior Lecturer, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
Chris Dickens
Professor of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, UK
Elaine Fox
Professor of Psychology and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK
Nick Graham
Clinical Lecturer in General Psychiatry, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
Jo Holliday
Senior Research Facilitator, University of Oxford; and UK Biobank: UK Biobank, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford Big Data Institute, UK
NIHR Research Professor in Women's Mental Health and NIHR Senior Investigator, Section of Women's Mental Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
Ann John
Professor of Public Health and Psychiatry and Consultant Public Health Medicine, Population Data Science, Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University; and Public Health Wales NHS Trust, UK
William Lee
Consultant Liaison Psychiatrist and Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer, Devon Partnership NHS Trust; and University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, UK
Rose McCabe
Professor of Clinical Communication, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, UK
Lecturer in Psychiatry, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
Cathie Sudlow
Director of the British Heart Foundation Data Science Centre, BHF Data Science Centre; Former Chief Scientist, UK Biobank; and Chair of Neurology and Clinical Epidemiology, Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK
Joey Ward
Researcher, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, UK
Stan Zammit
Professor of Psychiatric Epidemiology, Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol; and Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff University School of Medicine, UK
Matthew Hotopf
Director, National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at the Maudsley; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; and South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UK
BackgroundUK Biobank is a well-characterised cohort of over 500 000 participants including genetics, environmental data and imaging. An online mental health questionnaire was designed for UK Biobank participants to expand its potential.AimsDescribe the development, implementation and results of this questionnaire.MethodAn expert working group designed the questionnaire, using established measures where possible, and consulting a patient group. Operational criteria were agreed for defining likely disorder and risk states, including lifetime depression, mania/hypomania, generalised anxiety disorder, unusual experiences and self-harm, and current post-traumatic stress and hazardous/harmful alcohol use.ResultsA total of 157 366 completed online questionnaires were available by August 2017. Participants were aged 45–82 (53% were ≥65 years) and 57% women. Comparison of self-reported diagnosed mental disorder with a contemporary study shows a similar prevalence, despite respondents being of higher average socioeconomic status. Lifetime depression was a common finding, with 24% (37 434) of participants meeting criteria and current hazardous/harmful alcohol use criteria were met by 21% (32 602), whereas other criteria were met by less than 8% of the participants. There was extensive comorbidity among the syndromes. Mental disorders were associated with a high neuroticism score, adverse life events and long-term illness; addiction and bipolar affective disorder in particular were associated with measures of deprivation.ConclusionsThe UK Biobank questionnaire represents a very large mental health survey in itself, and the results presented here show high face validity, although caution is needed because of selection bias. Built into UK Biobank, these data intersect with other health data to offer unparalleled potential for crosscutting biomedical research involving mental health.
